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Biodiversity in Suriname is high,〔See http://www.inaturalist.org/places/suriname〕 mostly because of the variety of habitats and the temperature. The average annual temperature in the coastal area is between 260 and 28 0 Celsius. Suriname can be divided into four major ecological zones, namely from north to south; # The young coastal plain # The old coastal plain # The Savannah or Zanderij belt # The interior residual uplands.〔Environment Statistics of Suriname, 2014(Dutch/ English), pages 28 and 143. http://www.statistics-suriname.org/index.php/statistieken/downloads/category/34-milieu-publicatie-2012〕 ==Habitats and species == The coast of Suriname is wild and consists of mud banks, sand beaches, mangrove forests and lagoons. The Guiana current flows along the coast of Suriname. The North Brazil Current, a warm water ocean current, is renamed as the Guiana current. The confusion surrounding its name is due partly to the seasonal change in flow of nearby currents.〔http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/guiana.html〕 The mangrove forests have only one story with a height of 20–25 meters. They are almost completely homogenous and dominated by black mangrove (Avicenna germinans). The mangrove forests are important as staging and wintering areas for birds, such as the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber). However, poaching is a major problem in the coastal area. According to Ottema,〔Important Bird Areas Americas,Suriname(2009), Otte .H. Ottema, translated by Christiaan van der Hoeven, website http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AmCntryPDFs/Suriname.pdf〕 a 2006 study reveals that tens of thousands of protected shorebirds and waders are poached annually. The Nature Conservation Division of the Forestry ministry attempts to prevent poaching by employing more forest guards as well as through environmental education. Furthermore, Ottema opined that the Large-billed seed finch or Twatwa is almost extirpated.〔Ottema, 2009 , pg 347.〕 Inland from the mangroves lie salt water and brackish lagoons, surrounded by grass and fern vegetation with low plant species diversity. The orange-winged amazon (parrot), creates it nest in the lagoons. Further inland, species rich freshwater and shrub swamps can be found. On the coastal plan, parallel to the shoreline, lie old sand and shell ridges. The savannabelt, a mosaic of diverse landscapes and ecosystems, is located south of the coastal plan. Different plants and animals, such as the love-vine (lenkiwisi) ( Cassytha filiformis), sundews (Drosera sp.), sabana-fungu (Licaniai acana), tortoises (Chelonodis .sp), snakes, iguanas , deer and the long-nosed or naked- tailed armadillo (Dasypus) grow and live in the savannabelt of Suriname. Four kind of sea turtles create nest on the beaches. These sea turtles are: # Aitkanti or leatherback turtle (Dermochelys corriacea) # Krape or Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) # Warana or Olive Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) # Karet or Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Suriname is rich in freshwater resources. Suriname has 228.00 per capita cubic meters of renewable freshwater resources annually. However, these resources are seriously threatened by human activities, such as gold mining. Suriname has more or less 61 endemic freshwater fishes. According to Mol,〔vakblad Bos en Natuur, no,4 jrg 1, oktober 2010 (Dutch), Biodiversiteit van aquatische ecosystemen, Jan .H. Mol, pages 8-10.〕 the Atlantic goliath grouper ( Epinephelus itajara) is endangered. In the highlands, mountains, such as Bakhuys Mountains, Van Asch Van Wijck Mountains, Julianatop, are part of the Guiana Shield. The Guiana Shield is one of the regions of highest biodiversity in the world, and has many endemic species. It can be said that the white-faced saki is endemic to the Guyana’s. The Guianan piculet (Picumnus minutissimis) is probably endemic to Suriname. It has not been confirmed for neighboring countries.〔Ottema, 2009 , pg 346.〕 The rest of Suriname is covered with forests. Most of the forests are undisturbed because of the low human population density of 2.7 people /km. There are still new species discovered in Suriname. In 2012, Conservation International Suriname (CIS) announced that 60 new species were discovered in het Grensgebergte and Kasikasima. Among the newly discovered species were: the chocolate- colored “cocoa” frog (Hypsiboas sp.) and the juvenile planthopper.〔Environment Statistics, 2014, pg, 149.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biodiversity in Suriname」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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